新型农业生产经营主体的生产效率研究

摘要

With the gradual opening of the economic system and the rapid development of market economy, the agricultural production and management continuously emerges new formats, i.e., family farm, large-scale grain-production households, farmers′ specialized cooperative economic organization, and leading enterprise of agricultural industrialization.The production efficiency of these four main types of agricultural production and management has greatly been improved compared with the traditional agricultural production mode.But there are differences in the production efficiency among the four types.This paper analyzed the differences among the degree of education, technical level of employees, and the scale and specialization level, and then compared the advantages and disadvantages combined with statistical data.The results showed that the leading enterprise of agricultural industrialization had the highest production efficiency compared to the other three types, it involved in the entire agricultural industry chain and was in a leading position in scale, specialization, capital reserve and risk control.Finally, it put forward some suggestions to comprehensively coordinate the four types, from the aspects of perfecting the land circulation system and increasing investment in infrastructure, taxation and financial concessions.%随着经济体制的逐渐开放,受惠于市场经济的快速发展,农业生产与经营不断涌现出新业态.专业大户、家庭农场、农民合作社、农业产业龙头企业等4种新型农业生产经营主体的生产效率相较传统农业生产模式的生产效率有了较大提高,但上述4种生产经营模式之间也存在这生产效率的差异.文章以此为切入点,分析新型农业生产经营主体各自的特点,结合统计数据比较其规模化与专业化程度、从业人员的受教育程度与技术水平、生产效率等方面的差异,得出结论:农业产业龙头企业相较其他3种模式生产效率最高,其参与到整个农业产业链之中,在规模化、专业化、资金贮备、风险控制上极具优势,生产规模和效率均处于领先地位,并仍处于快速上涨趋势.并提出从完善土地流转制度、加大基础设施投入、税收和金融优惠等方面协调发展新型农业生产经营主体.