基于距离分区的多级异构无线传感器网络成簇算法

摘要

为了防止无线传感器网络(WSN)节点因为通信距离过长而过早死亡,有效延长网络生命周期,提出了一种基于距离分区的高能效的多级异构无线传感器网络成簇算法(MHCADP).此算法将监测区域分为三部分,并根据不同监测区域和基站的距离部署能量不同的三类节点,按照节点剩余能量与网络平均能量的比例来选举簇头节点,让较高初始能量和剩余能量的节点拥有更多的机会成为簇头.另外,在数据传输时,考虑节点和基站的距离以及自身剩余能量,选择单跳或多跳的传输方式.仿真实验结果表明,与现有的重要成簇算法——低能耗自适应分簇分层(LEACH)算法和稳定选举协议(SEP)算法相比,MHCADP算法能够有效减少网络能量消耗和平衡网络负载,使网络稳定周期和生命周期延长50%以上.%To prevent node premature death in a wireless sensor network ( WSN) caused by long distance inter-node com-munication and effectively prolong the life cycle of the network , an energy efficient multilevel heterogeneous cluste-ring algorithm based on distance partition for WSNs , called the MHCADP, was proposed.The algorithm divides the monitoring area into three parts , and deployes three types of nodes according to the distance from each monitoring area to the base station .In the cluster head election process , it elects the cluster head node according to the pro-portion of average energy and residual energy of the node , allowing the node with high initial and residual energy to have more opportunities to become cluster heads than the low energy nodes .In addition, during the data transmis-sion , it chooses the single hop or multi hop according to the distance from the base station to the node and self -re-sidual energy .In order to verify the validity of the algorithm , its experimental results were compared with the algo-rithms of low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) and stable election protocol (SEP), and it shows that the MHCADP can effectively reduce the network energy consumption and balance the network load , so that the net-work stability cycle and life cycle are extended by more than 50%.