Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research;
Chinese Academy of Sciences;
Beijing 100101;
China;
Col-laborative Innovation Center for Geopolitical Setting of Southwest China and Borderland Development;
Kunming 650500;
China;
College of Resources and Environment;
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;
Beijing 100049;
China;
School of Public Administration;
Inner Mongolia University;
Hohhot 010070;
China;
urban agglomeration; expansion mechanism; industry; Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei; Yangtze Delta;