State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology;
Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences;
Chinese Academy of Sci-ences;
Beijing 100085;
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;
Beijing 100049;
China;
School of Geography and Tourism;
Shaanxi Normal University;
Xi'an 710119;
China;
artificial-forest ecosystem; hilly-gully area; restoration stages; soil water replenishment; rainfall regimes; rainfall event;