目的：分析孕产妇孕期保健服务利用的受益归属，以了解孕期保健服务的受益人群和受益程度。方法于2010年8月采用多阶段分层抽样的方法，抽取分娩后42 d ~6个月的妇女2021例。采用自行设计的问卷对其进行调查，主要内容包括基本情况和孕期保健服务利用情况，以其中问卷填写有效的1945例为研究对象。采用利用需要比、集中指数及 Kakwani 指数对孕产妇孕期保健服务利用进行受益归属分析。结果孕产妇的孕早期保健服务建卡率为49.8%（968/1945），孕中、晚期填卡率分别为50.3%（978/1945）、49.8%（968/1945）。孕早、中、晚期，城乡及不同年龄、文化程度、家庭年收入孕产妇的各项孕期保健服务利用率比较，差异均有统计学意义（ P <0.05）。以城市孕产妇为标准人群，农村孕产妇的各项孕期保健服务利用需要比为0.71~0.87；以25~29岁孕产妇为标准人群，≤24岁孕产妇的各项孕期保健服务利用需要比为0.74~0.88，30~34岁孕产妇的各项孕期保健服务利用需要比为0.93~1.04，≥35岁孕产妇的各项孕期保健服务利用需要比为0.71~0.90；以高中/中专文化程度孕产妇为标准人群，小学及以下文化程度孕产妇的各项孕期保健服务利用需要比为0.29~0.76，初中文化程度孕产妇的各项孕期保健服务利用需要比为0.74~0.89，大专及以上文化程度孕产妇的各项孕期保健服务利用需要比为1.03~1.17；不同家庭年收入孕产妇的各项孕期保健服务集中指数均为正值，Kakwani 指数均为负值。结论目前的孕产妇孕期保健服务利用处于中等水平，孕早期建卡率和孕中、晚期填卡率较低。城市、25~34岁、文化程度较高及家庭年收入较低孕产妇的孕期保健服务受益程度较高。%Objective To investigate the benefited populations and the level of benefit of health service in pregnancy by using benefit incidence method. Methods In August 2010,we enrolled 2 021 women who had delivery 42 days to 6 months ago,using multi - stage stratified sampling method. Survey was conducted using a self - designed questionnaire covering basic information and the utilization status of antenatal health care services. A total of 1 945 women who finished effective questionnaires were enrolled. Benefit incidence analysis on the utilization of antenatal care was conducted using utilization - demand ratio, concentration index and Kakwani index. Results The card registration rate in early pregnancy was 49. 8% (968 / 1 945),the card utilization rates in middle pregnancy and late pregnancy were 50. 3% ( 978 / 1 945 ) and 49. 8% ( 968 / 1 945 ) respectively. At early,middle and late stage of pregnancy,there were significant differences in the utilization rate of each antenatal care item among pregnant women of different living areas(urban and rural),ages,educational degrees,yearly family incomes(P < 0. 05). With urban pregnant women as reference population,the utilization - demand ratio of antenatal care among rural pregnant women was 0. 71 - 0. 87. With pregnant women at ages 25 - 29 as reference population,the utilization -demand ratio of antenatal care among pregnant women at ages 30 - 34 was 0. 93 - 1. 04,and that among pregnant women at ages≥35 was 0. 71 - 0. 90. With pregnant women with educational degrees of high school/ technical secondary school as reference population,the utilization - demand ratio of antenatal care among pregnant women with educational degree of primary school or below was 0. 29 - 0. 76,and that among pregnant women with educational degree of junior middle school was 0. 74 - 0. 89,and that among women with education degree of junior college or above was 1. 03 - 1. 17. The concentration index was positive value and the Kakwani index was negative value for the pregnant care on all the included pregnant women with different yearly incomes. Conclusion The current utilization of antenatal care is at middle level,and the card registration rate at early pregnancy and the card utilization rate at middle and late pregnancy are low. The level of benefit from antenatal care is high among pregnant women from urban area,at ages 25 - 34,with high educational degree and low yearly family incomes.
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