精密痰液计量器的研制与应用

摘要

目的 研制可精密计量单次吸出痰液量的用具,用于临床观察痰液量,为医生判断患者病情和决定治疗方案提供准确的参考数据.方法 2015年3月,本研究组研制了精密痰液计量器(专利号:ZL 201520346561.7).选取2015年5—9月广西壮族自治区人民医院ICU病房、儿科重症监护病房、新生儿病房的住院患者为操作对象,将精密痰液计量器、肉眼估量法、计量吸痰器分别应用于普通口鼻腔吸痰(新生儿20例次、婴幼儿20例次、年长儿20例次、成年人20例次)以及机械通气气管内吸痰(新生儿20例次、婴幼儿20例次、年长儿20例次、成年人20例次).记录3种痰液计量方法的计量准确率.2015年9月,利用自制调查问卷对使用精密痰液计量器、计量吸痰器的护士进行调查,记录其临床应用效果评分.共发放问卷160份,收回有效问卷160份,有效回收率为100.0%.结果 精密痰液计量器、计量吸痰器普通口鼻腔吸痰、机械通气气管内吸痰总计量准确率大于肉眼估量法(P<0.05).肉眼估量法对新生儿、婴幼儿、年长儿、成年人普通口鼻腔吸痰、机械通气气管内吸痰计量准确率小于精密痰液计量器、计量吸痰器(P<0.05).精密痰液计量器操作性、可冲净性、便携性、便于观察性、易固定性、效费比得分均高于计量吸痰器(P<0.05).结论 精密痰液计量器具有良好的准确性及临床应用性能,操作简便、使用方便,可为医生判断病情、调整治疗方案提供准确的参考数据.%Objective To develop a metering device for precise single measurement of sputum volume,which is applied to clinical observation and provide accurate reference for diagnosis and treatment. Methods This study was conducted between May and September 2015. The precision sputum meter used in this study was developed by our research group in March 2015 (patent number:ZL 201520346561.7). The subjects enrolled in this study were some patients (new born babies, infants,elder children and adults)hospitalized in the ICU,PICU and Neonatal Ward of The People′s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region during the period of study. We used precision sputum meter,pure naked - eye observation and sputum meter with the same frequency,to measure the sputum volume of the patients of the above 4 age groups with normal oral and nasal suctioning versus those with endotracheal suctioning during mechanical ventilation (each method of measurement was used 20 times for every age group with normal oral and nasal suctioning versus endotracheal suctioning during mechanical ventilation). In this way,we obtained the data about the accuracy of these 3 methods of measurement. In September 2015,we conducted a survey about the accuracy of precision sputum meter and sputum meter of measurement in 160 nurses who used them using the self - developed questionnaire. All the nurses returned valid questionnaires,suggesting that the response rate of the survey was 100. 0% . The accuracy scores of 2 methods of measurement assessed by the nurses were recorded for making a comparison. Results Precision sputum meter as well as sputum meter has higher overall accuracy than pure naked - eye observation in measuring the sputum volume of the patients aspirated by normal oral and nasal suctioning or by endotracheal suctioning during mechanical ventilation (P < 0. 05). The accuracy of pure naked - eye observation was lower than that of precision sputum meter and sputum meter in respectively measuring the sputum volume of the patients of 4 different age groups aspirated by normal oral and nasal suctioning or by endotracheal suctioning during mechanical ventilation (P < 0. 05). Precision sputum meter had higher scores than sputum meter in the aspects of operability,washability,portability,easy - observation, easy - fixation and cost - effectiveness (P < 0. 05). Conclusion Precision sputum meter is good for clinical application for its accuracy,easy operation and convenience,and helpful for diagnosis and adjustment of treatment.