初产顺产产妇产后盆底功能障碍性疾病的可控制因素及控制措施

摘要

Objective:To explore the control factors and control measures of postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction(PFD) in primipa-rous women with natural labour and full-term single birth,in order to reduce the occurrence of PFD.Methods:1 968 cases of pri-miparous women with natural labour and full-term single birth were selected.We compared the relationship of maternal age,abor-tion history,pre-pregnancy obesity,weight gain during pregnancy,postpartum obesity,postpartum use of bellyband,constipation and the neonatal weight with PFD.Results:These women aged 30 to 38 years old,with abortion history,pre-pregnancy obesity,postpar-tum obesity,weight gain 15 to 29 kg during pregnancy,postpartum use of bellyband,constipation and the neonatal weight 3 500 to 4 410 g were at high risk for PFD.Conclusion:These factors of deliver before the age of 29,avoiding abortion,reasonable diet to con-trol the pre-pregnancy obesity and postpartum obesity and weight gain during pregnancy,without use of bellyband after deliver, eating more crude fiber to reduce constipation,pelvic floor muscle exercise at 12 to 24 weeks of pregnancy and puerperium,can re-duce the incidence of postpartum PFD in primiparous women with natural labour and full-term single birth.%目的：探讨足月单胎初产顺产产妇产后盆底功能障碍性疾病(PFD)的可控制因素及控制措施，以减少PFD的发生。方法：收治足月单胎初产顺产产妇1968例，比较产妇年龄、流产史、孕前肥胖、孕期增重、产后肥胖、产后使用腹带、便秘、新生儿体重等因素与发生 PFD 的关系。结果：产妇年龄30～38岁、有流产史、孕前或产后肥胖、孕期增重15～29 kg、产后使用腹带、便秘、新生儿体重3500～4410 g者易发生PFD。结论：如能在29岁前分娩，避免流产，合理饮食以控制孕前和产后肥胖及孕期增重，产后不使用腹带，多食粗纤维以减少便秘，妊娠12～24周和产褥期进行盆底肌肉锻炼，可减少足月单胎初产顺产产妇产后PFD的发生。