直接旋磨和球囊预扩旋磨治疗冠状动脉钙化病变的对比研究

摘要

目的：评价直接旋磨处理冠状动脉钙化病变的效果。方法：回顾性分析2010-04至2014-09我院行冠状动脉旋磨治疗的冠心病患者137例，其缺血相关病变均为钙化病变。根据旋磨前是否进行球囊扩张，分为直接旋磨组81例和预扩旋磨组56例。比较两组术中操作特征，术中即刻并发症，及患者院内和术后1年累积主要不良心脑血管事件（MACCE）发生率。结果：与预扩旋磨组比，直接旋磨组支架前使用球囊数量低（P=0.000）、最大后扩压力高（P=0.004）。直接旋磨组术中并发症显著低于预扩旋磨组（14.8% vs 32.1%，P=0.016）；且术后即刻管腔获得率显著高于预扩旋磨组[（128.52±75.77）% vs （77.12±27.01）%，P=0.004]。与预扩旋磨组相比，直接旋磨组有较低的1年MACCE事件发生率（7.3% vs 23.6%，P=0.006）。Cox回归分析：冠状动脉旋磨处理钙化病变1年MACCE事件的主要相关因素为旋磨前球囊扩张[风险比（HR）=8.166，95%可信区间（CI）：1.872~35.614，P=0.005]、左主干病变（HR=13.649，95%CI：2.983~62.440，P=0.001）、术后最小管腔面积（HR=0.583，95%CI：0.378~0.879，P=0.010）、后扩（HR=0.066，95%CI：0.013~0.332，P=0.001）、射血分数大于40%（HR=0.019，95%CI：0.002~0.158，P=0.000）。结论：直接旋磨有较低的1年MACCE事件发生率。这一获益可能与直接旋磨可以进行有效球囊扩张、减少术中并发症、并获得足够的管腔面积有关。%Objective: To compare the efifcacy of direct and pre-dilated atherectomy (RA) for treating the patients with calciifed coronary lesions. Methods: A total of 137 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients received RA treatment in our hospital from 2010-04 to 2014-09 were retrospectively studied. The ischemic related lesions were all deifned as calciifed coronary lesions. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Direct RA group,n=81 and Pre-dilated RA group, the patients received balloon dilatation followed by RA,n=56. The procedural features, complications, in-hospital and 1 year occurrence rates of major cardiaccerebral vascular events (MACCE) were compared between 2 groups. Results: Compared with Pre-dilated RA group, Direct RA group had the less pre-stent balloon application,P=0.000 and the higher maximum post-dilatationpressure,P=0.004; lower rate of in-operative complication (14.8% vs 32.1%),P=0.016; higher rate of acute lumen gain (128.52±75.77) % vs (77.12±27.01) %,P=0.004; lower MACCE occurrencerate(7.3% vs 23.6%) at 1 year period,P=0.006.Cox regression analysis presented that the following indexes were related to MACCE occurrence within 1 year of RA treatment: balloon dilatation before RA (HR=8.166, 95% CI 1.872-35.614,P=0.005), left main disease (HR=13.649, 95% CI 2.983-62.440,P=0.001), minimum post-operative lumen area (HR=0.583, 95% CI 0.378-0.879,P=0.010), post-dilatation (HR=0.066, 95% CI 0.013-0.332,P=0.001) and EF>40% (HR=0.019, 95% CI 0.002-0.158, P=0.000). Conclusion: Direct RA had the lower MACCE occurrence rate at 1 year period, this might be related to less operative complication and the optimal lumen gain.