Phytochemical investigation on the roots and rhizomes of Notopterygium incisum led to the isolation of a new polyacetylene, notopolyenol A (1), along with thirteen known analogues (2-14). Their structures were elucidated by extensive analyses of NMR and HRMS data, and the absolute configuration of 1 was unambiguously determined as 3 R by comparison of its retention time and ECD curve with those of synthetic enantiomers (-)-1 and (+)-1, whose absolute configurations were established by using the modified Mosher's method. Subsequent activity screening revealed that (3 S)-1 exhibited the most significant cytotoxicity against MCF-7, H1299, and HepG2 cancer cells with IC_(50) values of 1.3 μmol/L,0.6μmol/L and 1.4μmol/L, respectively.
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