血清肌酸激酶与运动训练控制

摘要

随着科技的进步，不同运动项目竞技的科学训练化水平在不断提高，利用科学的手段与特定的生理、生化指标监控运动训练，最大限度地挖掘运动员的内在潜力，已成为广大教练员和科研人员共同的研究方向。CK与能量代谢关系密切，是机体ATP—CP供能系统的关键酶之一，不仅参与肌肉的收缩供能，还参与控制着糖酵解和线粒体。因此，在众多训练监控指标中血清CK成为教练员、科研人员最关注的重要测试指标之一。研究表明，运动与血清肌酸激酶（CK）密切相关，是用于监控和评定训练负荷、机能恢复情况的较敏感指标之一，大强度、大运动量训练或比赛可以导致血清CK显著性升高；随着强度的增加，如果不适应，其运动专项能力就会下降，如果适应，其专项能力会有所突破，CK上升幅度较低的运动员，专项成绩也难提高；血清CK对肌纤维损伤的预警作用；高原训练、营养药物的使用对CK有影响作用。在冬季运动项目、田径、游泳、自行车与其他项目的训练中，训练初期血清CK会有所上升，大负荷训练阶段血清CK和训练负荷呈正相关，且对运动强度的刺激尤为敏感。在训练过程中，教练员和科研人员要及时对运动员的血清CK进行监测，可以防止运动强度过大，导致损伤的发生，提高训练效果。%With the progress of science and technology,the scientific training level of different sports is rising,by using scientific means and specific physiological and biochemical index monitoring of sport training,maximize the inherent potential of the athletes,which has become common research direction of coaches and researchers. The close relationship between CK and energy metabolism ,is one of the key enzymes in the body of ATP CP power supply system,not only involved in the contraction of muscle energy supply,is also involved in the control of glycolysis and mitochondrial. Therefore, in the numerous training monitoring indexes,serum CK has become one of the most important testing indexes which coaches and researchers pay most attention to. The research shows,sports and serum creatine kinase(CK)are closely related,is one of the sensitive indicators for monitoring and evaluation of training load and functional recovery,high strength,high-tempo exercise training or competitions can lead to increase serum CK significantly;With the increase of strength,if not adapting,the special ability movements will decline,if adapting,special abilities will have a breakthrough increase,low CK players,their specific performance is difficult to improve;Serum CK gives a warning effect on the damage of muscle fiber;The use of altitude training,nutrition drugs have influences on CK. In the training of winter sports,track and field,swimming,cycling and other project training,serum CK will be increased at the primary stage,heavy load training stage was positively correlated with serum CK and training load,and the stimulation of exercise intensity is particularly sensitive. In the process of training,coaches and scientific researchers should be timely to monitor the athletes' serum CK,can prevent too large exercise intensity, result injuries,improve the training effect.