2013-2014年我国大气污染物的时空分布特征及SO2质量浓度年代际变化

摘要

To realize the characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution of atmospheric pollutants in different seasons in China, the daily air pollution monitoring data of the national environmental monitoring station (1980s-2010s) is analyzed.The results show that: seasonal variation of the nationwide average mass concentration of PM2.5 and SO2 during November 2013 to October 2014 is relatively obvious, which is the highest in winter;in different seasons of the corresponding period, average mass concentrations of PM2.5 and SO2 in the northern cities of China are significantly greater than those in the south, which is the most significant in winter, but it is the opposite in 1984 and 1994.Among 1984,1994 and 2014, the nationwide average mass concentration of SO2 decreases year by year.The main reasons for the regional pollution characteristics are industrial emission, heating season coal and local geographical environment, economic development, energy structure, air pollution control, and weather conditions.%为了解我国大气污染物在不同季节的时空分布特征,统计并分析了20世纪80年代-21世纪10年代中国环境监测总站发布的大气污染物质量浓度监测资料.结果表明:2013年11月-2014年10月PM2.5和SO2全国平均质量浓度的季节变化较明显,冬季浓度最高;同期各个季节我国北方城市PM2.5和SO2平均质量浓度明显大于南方,冬季最显著,但1984年和1994年则表现为南方城市SO2平均质量浓度高于北方城市.1984年、1994年、2014年这3年相比较,SO2全国平均质量浓度逐年降低.工业排放、取暖季燃煤以及不同地区的局地地理环境、经济发展状况、能源结构、空气污染防治、气象条件的差异等是区域污染特征形成的主要原因.