世界水稻核心种质在荆州的适应性初探及高产种质资源筛选

摘要

Excellent rice germplasm is the precondition of rice breeding. In this paper, 1 219 worldwide rice germplasm introduced from Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences was evaluated its adoptability in Jingzhou City and screened for high yield germplasm. The results showed that the yield and its related traits varied largely.Among them,panicle length and yield per plant had large varia-tion, while heading date, flag leaf width, number of primary branch, seed setting rate and 1 000 grain weight had small variation. Through screening 539 germplasm were adopted the ecological condition in Jingzhou, and 100 were high yield germplasm. Among them 24 were big panicle type,3 were big grain type and 23 were high seed setting rate type,respectively. They can provide valuable resources in high yield breeding of rice.%优异种质资源是水稻育种的前提.本研究从中国农业科学院引进了1219份世界水稻核心种质,并在湖北省荆州市考察了其在当地的适应性,以从中筛选高产种质资源.结果表明,该套核心种质的产量及其相关性状变异较大,其中,穗长和单株产量变异最大,抽穗期、剑叶宽、一次枝梗数、结实率和千粒重的变异较小.利用抽穗期和株高2个指标,从中筛选到539份能适应荆州生态条件的种质资源.共筛选到100份高产种质资源,其中24份为大穗种质资源,3份为大粒种质资源,23份为高结实率种质资源.这些种质资源可作为水稻高产育种的首选种质和骨干亲本.