日本水稻化肥减量施用的经验与启示

摘要

Excessive chemical fertilizer inputs and low fertilizer application efficiency are serious problems in paddy rice cultivation in China.Before the 1990s,high-input fertilizer was the dominant approach for paddy rice cultivation in Japan. However, fertilizer input per area has declined significantly and yields have been maintained,resulting in high fertilizer application efficiency.This study intro-duced socio-economic changes, policy factors and technical developments in fertilizer reduction in paddy rice in Japan, analyzed the main factors to promote China's chemical fertilizer reduction,explored the way of fertilizer reduction in paddy rice in recent China.%在我国的水稻生产中,化肥投入过量、肥料使用效率低是突出的问题.日本在20世纪90年代以前,水稻生产也采用高肥料投入的栽培方法,之后肥料施用量显著下降,肥料施用效率明显提高,而水稻产量在保持稳定的基础上略有增长.本文梳理了日本水稻生产化肥减量背后的社会经济环境的变化、政策的驱动和技术的推进情况,并针对我国水稻生产现状,分析了推动我国化肥减量的主要因素及可能实现的途径.