中国不同尺度城市建设用地利用效率的时空差异已经得到了理论界的广泛关注,但是目前对这种差异程度进行测度的成果并不多见.本文以经济学中的“极化理论”为研究切入点,综合运用数据包络分析、核密度估计和Esteban-Ray极化指数,对2001-2014年中国大陆31个省(直辖市、自治区)城市建设用地利用效率的时空异质性进行了定量刻画.结果表明:①中国城市建设用地利用效率总体上表现出波动下降趋势,平均效率指数由2001年的0.750 1降低至2014年的0.694 8,且在东、中、西部三大区域层面和省际层面都存在明显的差异.2006年之前,西部地区的平均城市建设用地利用效率最低,2006年以后,三大区域平均城市建设用地利用效率表现出“东部地区＞西部地区＞中部地区”的地理格局.②中国城市建设用地利用效率的地区差距在研究期内呈加剧态势.2001-2014年,中国城市建设用地利用效率核密度曲线的期初值、期末值都表现出“先向左移动,再向右移动”的运动轨迹,位置并不稳定,且与2001年相比,2014年中国城市建设用地利用效率核密度曲线的变化区间明显增加,地区差距扩大.③中国城市建设用地利用效率的极化过程已经显现,核密度曲线整体上呈“单峰—多峰—双峰”分布格局,且从城市建设用地利用效率的Esteban-Ray指数来看,全国和三大区域在研究期内都呈波动上升态势.其中中部地区的波动性最大,由2001年的0.121 9增加至2014年的0.529 6,年均增长率高达11.96％;东部地区和西部地区的变化则相对平稳,分别由2001年的0.183 0和0.162 1增加至2014年的0.276 2和0.216 5,年均增长率分别为3.22％和2.25％.%The spatial-temporal heterogeneity of urban construction land use efficiency in different scales in China has been widely concerned by theoretical circles,but the study on the measurement of the degree of heterogeneity is rare.Based on the polarization theory from the economics as the research breakthrough point,this paper made the quantitative characterization of the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of urban construction land use efficiency based on the data of 31 provinces in mainland China (municipalities directly under the central government,autonomous regions) in 2001-2014 by employing Data Envelopment Analysis,Kernel density estimation and Esteban-Ray polarization index.The results showed that:①China's urban construction land use efficiency showed falling volatility nationally,and the average efficiency index fluctuated from 0.750 1 in 2001 to 0.694 8 in 2014.The urban land construction utilization efficiency differed obviously among eastern,central and western regions and provincially,the lowest in the western region before 2006,but after 2006 the three major regional urban construction land use efficiency showed geographical pattern of'the eastern region ＞ the west region ＞ the central region'.② China's urban construction land use efficiency gap among regions showed an increasing trend during the study period.The initial value and the stop value of the Kernel density curve of China's urban construction land use efficiency moved to the left firstly,then moving to the right from 2001 to 2014.And compared with 2001,the Kernel density curve of China's urban construction land use efficiency changed significantly and regional difference expanded.③The polarization process of China's urban construction land use efficiency emerged.The Kernel density curve shows unimodal-multimodal-bimodal distribution pattern.Esteban-Ray index,the urban construction land use efficiency of China and three regions was on the rise during the study period;the largest volatility appeared in the central region,increasing from 0.121 9 in 2001 to 0.529 6 in 2014,and the average annual growth rate was 11.96％;the Esteban-Ray index changed stably in the eastern and western regions,increasing from 0.183 0 and 0.162 1 in 2001 to 0.276 2 and 0.216 5 in 2014 respectively,with 3.22％ and 2.25％ the average annual growth rate.
展开▼
