抗静电剂在高分子材料中的应用研究进展

摘要

An overview of current development on antistatic agents for polymers was presented. The antistatic agents can be divided into cationic, anionic, nonionic, amphiphilic and polymer-type according to chemical structure, and can be divided into coating-type, addition-type, and permanent polymer-type according to using methods. The main influencing factors on the antistatic agents for polymers were also reviewed such as ambient humidity, ambient temperature, compatibilization, surface concentration, and molding processing. The application of antistatic agents included plastics, rubbers, fibers and coatings.%详细介绍了抗静电剂在高分子材料中的应用研究进展，阐述了高分子材料用抗静电剂的分类和作用机理，抗静电剂按照化学结构可分为阳离子型、阴离子型、非离子型、两性型和高分子型，按照使用方法可分为外涂覆型、内添加型和高分子永久型。介绍了影响抗静电剂的抗静电作用效率的主要因素，诸如环境湿度、环境温度、其与高分子材料的相容性、表面浓度、成型工艺等。最后，指出抗静电剂在塑料、橡胶、纤维、涂料等领域皆有应用。