Replacement of precious single metal catalysts with cost-effective,highly-dispersed composite catalysts for catalytic hydrothermal conversion of residue holds tremendous promise for the residue upgrading technologies.Organic metals were added to the feed as the oil-soluble precursors,and were transformed into the catalytic active phases in this work.Physical properties and structures of the composite catalysts had been investigated by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The composite catalysts were found to be highly efficient in the catalytic hydrothermal conversion of both the model compound and the residue.Increased metal dispersion and synergistic effects of two metals played indispensable roles in such catalytic system.Results showed that under the test conditions specified in the article,the catalyst had the best catalytic performance when the mass ratio of molybdenum to iron was 1.5.
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