技术进步减少了劳动力需求吗?

摘要

技术进步对就业既有替代效应又有补偿效应.根据新古典的劳动力需求理论,技术进步对就业的影响主要取决于总需求的技术弹性.美国的历史数据表明,技术进步以后总体就业人数是增加的.短期看,技术进步率对需求的影响可能较小,长期内总需求的技术弹性可能会比较大.因此,技术进步在短期内可能降低就业,在长期内可能增加就业.%Technological progress has both substitution and compensation effects on employment. Based on the analysis of neoclassical labor demand theory, the influence of technological progress on employment mainly depends on the technology elasticity of aggregate demand. The data of the United States show that aggregate employment has increased as technology improved. In the short term, the impact of technological progress on aggregate demand may not be obvious, while the technology elasticity of demand may be larger in the long term. Therefore, technological progress may reduce employment in the short term and increase employment in the long term.