影响反应堆压力容器安全运行的根本原因及应对措施

摘要

从实现核反应堆安全目标和运行工况的角度，分析了反应堆压力容器在承受压力、温度和快中子辐照条件下的失效形式及根本原因。针对能量≥1MeV快中子辐照损伤，给出了预测和监督方法；对承压热冲击下可能引发脆性断裂进行了分析，并提出了分析方法。分析和介绍了各运行工况下RPV安全运行的压力一温度限值计算方法。%Viewing from realization of nuclear reactor safety goal and olmration conditions, this patmr analyzes the failure model of reactor pressure vessel under pressure, temlmratcue and fast neutron irradiation as well as its basic reasons. Forecast and monitoring means for E≥ 1 MeV fast neutron irradiation damage are presented. The brittle fracture may ~ mused by p~cl thermal shock are analyzed, and analytic means are put forward. Finally the calculation methods for the pressme-tempemture limit for RPV safe operation under various operation conditions are analyzed and introduced.