Objective The X-ray diagnosis equipment of health examination institutions in a certain district was tested for quality control, and the imaging performance of the X-ray diagnosis equipment and their influencing factors were analyzed to provide suggestions and countermeasures for patient protection. Methods The X-ray diagnosis equipment for radiography and fluoroscopy in health examination institutions of a certain district was tested and evaluated according to the related national technical criterions and standards. Results The qualified rate of X-ray diagnosis equipment was 85.7%, 28.6% and 55.6% for the medical centers of Grade Ⅲ hospitals, Grade Ⅱ hospitals and other physical examination institutions respectively. The qualified rate of DR for medical radiography was 53.1% and that of fluoroscopy examination device was 66.7%. Conclusion It was important that the status test and maintenance of X-ray diagnosis equipment should be strengthened to improve the quality of medical diagnosis image and reduce the doses received by examinees.%目的：通过对某区健康体检机构X射线诊断设备进行质量控制检测，分析X射线诊断设备影像学性能及影响因素，为患者防护提出建议及对策。方法对体检机构专用的X射线摄影、透视设备按照标准方法进行影像质量控制检测和评价。结果从体检机构上看，三级医院体检中心、二级医院体检中心、一级及未分级专业性体检机构X射线诊断设备合格率分别为85.7%、28.6%、55.6%；从设备类型来看，DR摄影机合格率为53.1%，透视机合格率为66.7%。结论加强X射线诊断设备的状态检测及其维护保养，对于提高体检机构诊断图像质量、降低受检者剂量有重要的意义。
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