无偿献血者献血现状及相关认知分析

摘要

目的：探讨无偿献血者的一般人口学特征、心理状况、态度行为和对献血的相关认知。方法随机选取2015年1月—2015年6月在该站无偿献血者1650例,进行问卷调查,根据调查问卷评分综合分析献血者现状和相关认知。结果1650例无偿献血者中,男性1124例(68.12%),女性526例(31.88%)；年龄18~45岁1450例(92.95%),45岁以上110例(7.05%)；待业、个体业者710例(45.515%),是献血者中的主体；献血知识调查中,无偿献血必须应用于临床,不得买卖的知晓率最高97.03%(1601例),世界献血日的知晓率最低26.18%(432例)；献血者献血前最担心的是所献血液是否被合理利用,血站是否正规,占无偿献血者的36.12%；无偿献血时间选择在周未和节假日的68.18%(1125例),献血地点选择在流动采血车和血站的92.12%(1520例)。结论公众对献血认知不平衡,对用血情况存在疑虑是影响献血者无偿献血行为的主要因素,建议增加无偿献血宣传力度,制定完善透明的采供血管理制度和监管机制,使临床用血数量和质量得到有效保障。%Objective To explore the general demographic characteristics, psychological status, attitude behavior and the related knowledge of blood donation for voluntary blood donors. Methods 1 650 cases of voluntary blood donors were ran-domly selected from June 2015 to January 2015 in our station. The questionnaire was conducted to analyze the current situ-ation and the relevant knowledge of the blood donors according to the questionnaire scores. Results 1 650 cases of unpaid blood donors, 1 124 cases were male (68.12%), 526 cases were female (31.88%);age 18~45 1450 cases (92.95%), above 45 years old in 110 cases (7.05%); 710 cases of unemployed, individual industry (45.515%), is the main body in blood donors in the investigation of blood donation knowledge; the topic, must be applied to clinical blood donation, the highest 97.03%awareness rate may not be sold (1 601 cases), the 26.18%lowest awareness rate of world blood donor day (432 cases);blood donors should be most worried about is whether the reasonable use of donated blood, blood is normal, unpaid blood donors accounted for 36.12%;blood donation time at the weekend and holidays 68.18% (1 125 cases), blood donation site selection in the Bloodmobile blood and 92.12% (1 520 cases). Conclusion Unbalance of blood donation awareness to the public, the blood there are doubts are the main factors that affect the donor blood donation behavior, proposed to increase the blood donation propaganda, make improve the transparency of the mining supply management system and supervision mechanism, the clinical use blood quantity and quality can be guaranteed effectively.