南通市通州区春季呼吸道传染病流行特点和防控策略探讨

摘要

Objective Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory diseases in spring of Tongzhou District of Nan-tong City, and provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods The application of the method of descriptive epidemiology,On the occurrence of respiratory infectious disease report China disease prevention and control informa-tion system of infectious disease information management system in Nantong city of Tongzhou District in 2013 and 2014 from February to April were retrospectively investigated. Results In 2013 and 2014 of February to April, Nantong City, Tongzhou Dis-trict reported a total of 7 kinds of respiratory infectious diseases occurred, a total of 494 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, mumps and chickenpox secondary;gender distribution shows that the incidence of men than women, there are significant statistical signifi-cance (χ2= 80.94, P<0.01); age distribution the elderly and minors; occupational distribution to most farmers, accounting for 52.02%, followed by students and kindergartens, nursery children, each accounted for 25.91% and 6.28%, including tuberculosis to farmers, varicella, mumps, scarlet fever in students and kindergartens, children are the main clinical manifestations included fever;cough, rash, swelling of the parotid gland and shortness of breath. Conclusion According to the epidemiological characteris-tics of respiratory infectious diseases in the spring, the school should take nurseries for key units, to the elderly and minors as fo-cus groups, especially farmers, to strengthen the monitoring of symptoms, clean and ventilated, daily disinfection, health education, isolation treatment, comprehensive prevention and control measures such as vaccination.%目的：分析南通市通州区春季呼吸道传染病的流行特点，为制订防控策略提供科学依据。方法利用描述流行病学方法，对中国疾病预防控制信息系统传染病报告信息管理子系统中报告的南通市通州区2013要2014年2-4月份发生的呼吸道传染病患者进行回顾性调查。结果2013要2014年2-4月份，南通市通州区共报告发生呼吸道传染病7种494例，肺结核最多，流行性腮腺炎和水痘次之；性别分布显示男性发病率高于女性，有显著性统计学意义（χ2越80.94，P<0.01）；年龄分布以老年人和未成年人为主；职业分布以农民最多，占52.02%，其次是学生和幼托儿童，各占25.91%和6.28%，其中肺结核以农民为主，水痘、流行性腮腺炎、猩红热则以学生和幼托儿童为主；临床表现以发热、咳嗽、腮腺肿大、皮疹及呼吸急促为主。结论针对春季患呼吸道传染病的流行特点，应以学校托幼机构为重点单位，以老年人和未成年人为重点人群，并关注农民人群，强化症状监测、清洁通风、日常消毒、健康教育、隔离治疗、疫苗接种等综合防控措施。