目的：探讨乳腺癌发病的相关危险因素，根据高危因素实施个体化护理，为乳腺癌的早诊早治提供依据。方法选取2015年3—7月在山东省肿瘤医院住院的女性乳腺癌患者200例以及与患者无血缘关系的健康女性且具有5年以上的共同生活经历的200例，采用问卷调查的形式从护理层面对可能的相关因素进行调查，单因素分析采用χ2检验，多因素分析采用Logistic法分析独立危险因素。结果单因素分析发现流产次数、避孕方式、生产方式、月经是否规律、文化程度，性格特点及睡眠时间差异有统计学意义；多因素Logistic分析表明乳腺癌发病相关危险因素包括避孕环避孕（OR=3.272,95% CI=2.191~4.885）、文化程度低（OR=2.953,95%CI=2.146~4.065）、性格悲观（OR=1.835,95%CI=1.229~2.741）、睡眠时间少（OR=1.661,95%CI=1.341~2.057）。结论避孕环避孕、文化程度低、性格悲观、睡眠时间少可增加乳腺癌发病的危险性，对于高危乳腺癌患者护理过程中除常规护理外，更应该加强患者的个体化护理，正确引导病患。%Objective The aim was to investigate the risk factors of breast cancer, and to provide evidence for early diagno-sis and treatment according to the high risk factors. Methods Breast cancer women adimitted to Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute from March to July in 2015 and no blood relationship with the healthy women patients who have more than 5 years of common life was recruited in the questionnaire investigation from the nursing layer. The single factor analysis was calculated by chi square test and multivariate analysis was used by logistic analysis. Results Single factor analysis showed that the number of abortion, contraceptive method, production method, menstrual regularity, cultural degree, personality characteristics and sleep time were statistically significant differences. Logistic analysis showed that the risk factors of breast cancer incidence were contraceptive ring (OR=2.953, 95%CI=2.146~4.065) , low cultural degree (OR=2.953, 95%CI=2.146~4.065), pessimistic personality (OR=1.835, 95% CI=1.229~2.741), less sleep time (OR=1.661,95% CI=1.341~2.057). Conclusion Contraceptive ring, low cultural degree, pessimistic personality, and less sleep time can increase the risk of breast cancer. In the course of nursing care of pa-tients for those high risk breast cancer patients, we should strengthen the individual nursing and correct guidance.
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