关中城市群道路移动源气态污染物排放特征

摘要

基于MOVES 模型对参数进行本地化修正,计算机动车排放的气态污染物排放因子,以2012年为基准年建立关中城市群的道路移动源常规和非常规气态污染物的排放总量清单,并得到不同车型、不同城市区域的机动车污染物排放分担率.结果显示,关中城市群的道路移动源常规气态污染物中一氧化碳(CO)的排放量为45.40万t,氮氧化物(NOx)为8.190万t、二氧化硫(SO2)为0.420万t、氨(NH3)为0.10万t;非常规气态污染物中非甲烷碳氢化合物(NMHC)的排放量为4.168万t,甲醛(HCHO)为0.057万t、乙醛(CH3CHO)为0.027万t、丙烯醛(C3H4O)为0.004万t、1,3-丁二烯(C4H6)为0.012万t、苯为0.090万t、甲烷(CH4)为0.123万t、氧化亚氮(N2O)为0.004万t.此外,各城市按照排放分担率从高至低依次为西安(50％)、渭南(23％)、咸阳(含杨凌)(12％)、宝鸡(10％)和铜川(5％).本研究还发现污染物排放分担率在不同车型中差异显著,其中NOx 排放以重型货车(33.85％)和中型货车(21.21％)为主;SO2、醛类物质在重型货车中排放分担率分别为31.31％和30％;而CO、NMHC、C4H6、苯和CH4的排放主要来自小客车(分别为32.86％、17.55％、 26.64％、26.45％和38.85％)和摩托车(分别为32.64％、55.21％、43.29％、49.04％和30.97％);NH3的小客车和重型货车排放分担率分别为49.5％和31.31％.%This research calculated the emission factors of conventional and unconventional vehicle-emitted gas pollutants, based on the MOVES model with all parameters corrected and simulated to the situation of Guanzhong urban agglomeration. And the motor vehicle pollutant emission inventoryin 2012 of the research area was established, including the contributions from various motor vehicle types in each part of the area.The results showed that the amounts of conventional vehicle-emitted gas pollutants were 81.9kt, 454k, 1k and 4.2k tons of NOx, CO, NH3 and SO2, respectively. While the amounts of unconventional gas pollutants were 41.68kt, 0.57kt, 0.27kt, 0.04kt, 0.12kt, 0.95kt, 1.23kt and 0.04kt of NMHC, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propylene aldehyde, 1, 3-butadiene and benzene, CH4 and N2O, respectively. In addition, the shares of major vehicle-emitted gas pollutants in this area ranking from highest to lowestwere Xi'an(50％), Weinan (23％), Xianyang (including Yanglin) (12％), Baoji(10％), Tongchuan(5％), respectively. Furthermore, the shares of different types of vehicle varied significantly, among whichthe main source of NOx emission wereheavy trucks and medium trucks withcontributionaround 33.85％ and 21.21％, respectively. While heavy trucks contributed the most to the emission of sulfur dioxide (～31.31％) and aldehydes(～30％). Specifically, small-size buses and motorcycles covered the most to the emission of CO, NMHC, 1,3-butadiene, benzene and methane, with 32.86％, 17.55％, 26.64％, 26.45％, 38.85％ for the former and 32.64％, 55.21％, 43.29％, 49.04％, 30.97％ for the later, respectively. And small-size buses and heavy trucks were the maincontributors to NH3 emission with 49.5％ and 31.31％, respectively.