土壤真菌组成对黄土高原梯田种植类型的响应

摘要

Deep understanding of soil fungal communities and their relationships with soil physicochemical properties is of great importance for assessing soil fertility and environment effect, especially for terraces on the Loess Plateau. Soil fungal community composition and diversity was analyzed using the Hiseq high-throughput sequencing technology. Three typical crops soil (Corn field (CF), Apple field (AF) and Intercropping (apple and potatoes, IC) with similar terrace construction were chosen as experimental sites on Loess Plateau. The results showed among three sites, the number of the identified OTU ranged from 688 to 862 including 13 phylum, 87 class, 164 order, and the diversity index of the Chao1, ACE, Shannon and Simpson were all high in AF and IC than in CF. Three most abundant fungal taxa were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Zygomycota , with a highest relative abundance of Ascomycota found in IC, which mainly affected by the content of soil TN and AK. Composition of soil fungi was different for application of organic manure under terrace crop systems shifts soil fungi community composition by increased soil nutrient, and thus has potential to promote soil fertility in terrace agricultural ecosystem.%以黄土丘陵沟壑区的梯田化模范县——庄浪县堡子沟流域的3种种植类型(玉米、苹果、苹果与土豆间作)梯田的土壤真菌为对象,运用IlluminaHiSeq高通量测序技术对表层土壤(0～20cm)中真菌rRNA基因的ITS1可变区进行研究,分析了土壤真菌的多样性、群落组成和相对丰度,同时结合土壤基本理化性质探讨了不同种植类型下影响真菌群落组成的因素.结果表明:(1)3种种植类型土壤真菌OTU数在688～862间变化,分属于13个门,87个纲,164个目,Chao1、ACE、Shannon、Simpson指数表现为间作地和苹果地大于玉米地;(2)土壤优势真菌为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、接合菌门(Zygomycota),子囊菌门的相对丰度在间作地最高,主要受土壤全氮和速效钾的影响,而接合菌门的相对丰度在苹果地最高,受土壤容重的影响较大,有机碳含量对担子菌门的影响较大;(3)不同种植类型梯田之间土壤真菌群落物种多样性相似,但真菌门、纲、种的相对丰度不同,种植类型间因有机肥的施用不同而通过土壤理化性质的变化影响土壤真菌的群落组成,有机肥的施用可提高当地梯田的土壤肥力.