本文基于可持续价值方法，利用实地调研的内蒙古自治区和黑龙江省的29个奶牛规模化养殖场的数据，从实物资本、土地资本、人力资本、能源资本以及环境治理资本五种资本出发，对不同养殖模式和不同养殖规模的奶牛养殖的可持续性进行了度量和评价。结果显示，牧场的可持续性效率高于养殖小区；而牧场中大规模牧场可持续性效率最高，小规模牧场次之，中规模牧场可持续性最低。五种资本中土地资本对奶牛规模化养殖的可持续性贡献最大，其次是人力资本和环境治理资本，而实物资本和能源资本的贡献最低。根据这些研究结论提出了合理有序推进奶牛规模化养殖，加强对奶牛规模化养殖粪污处理的管理和扶持力度以及加强高素质管理和技术人才引进等政策建议。%Based on the method of sustainable value, we measured and assessed the sustainability of 29 dairy farms with different breeding patterns and scales by using the ifeld survey data of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Heilongjiang Province. The analysis was made from ifve capitals such as physical capital, land capital, human capital, energy capital and environmental control capital. The results show that dairy farms have higher sustainability than that of dairy plots. Among dairy farms, large dairy farms have the highest sustainability, small farms rank the second and medium farms have the lowest sustainability. Land capital makes greatest contribution to the sustainability of dairy farming, followed by human capital and environmental control capital, while physical capital and energy capital have the minimum contribution to the sustainability of dairy farming. Based on these ifndings, we put forward some policy recommendations, including promoting scaled dairy farming rationally, improving the waste treatment and management for scaled dairy farming and strengthening the introduction of high-quality managers and technicians to dairy farming.
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