低温沼气发酵高效菌系的筛选及微生物群落解析

摘要

In order to improve the efficiency of biogas fermentation at low temperature,the effects of several kinds of inoculums were compared,the better one was selected,and its microbial community was analyzed by the method of MiSeq highthroughput sequencing.The results showed that cow dung was the better inoculum comparing with other inoculums,for it obtained higher biogas production.High-throughput sequencing analysis demonstrated that the main bacterial were Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes,Proteobacteria and Spirochaetae in cow dung inoculum,and the dominant were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes.The main archaea were Methanosarcinales,Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic group (MCG),and Methanomicrobiales at order level classification and the Methanosarcinales was the dominant.At the genus level classification,the main archaea were Methanosaeta,MCG and Methanosarcina with Methanosaeta as dominant.%为提高低温下沼气发酵效果,该研究使用不同接种物进行沼气发酵,并利用MiSeq高通量测序技术对优良接种物发酵沼液的群落结构进行分析.结果显示,以牛粪作为接种物在日产气量、产气速率和甲烷含量方面均优于其他组.高通量测序结果分析表明接种牛粪接种物后在细菌群落上形成的优势类群为Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes,Proteobacteria和Spirochaetae,并以Firmicutes和Bacteroidetes占主要优势地位;在古菌群落结构上形成的优势菌群在目的分类水平主要为Methanosarcinales、Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group (MCG)和Methanomicrobiales,并以Methanomicrobiales为主,在属的分类水平上主要为Methanosaeta,MCG和Methanosarcina,其中Methanosaeta占主要地位.该研究为低温沼气发酵接种物的筛选和相关菌系分离及利用提供了科学依据.