“天、地、人”的权衡与平衡*--论中国古代“三元”并进的城市规划思想

摘要

对中国古代城市的演变史与规划思想进行了梳理和归纳，提出古代城市规划思想根源于中国文化，中国本土文化和实践形塑了古代城市规划的传统，还提出中国古代城市规划思想存在“天、地、人”三元制衡，分别以此为框架形成“以天为本”、“以地为本”、“以人为本”的并进的三条思想主线。中国本土城市规划思想有三个主要特征，一是以“王权”为中心，二是以传统文化为基础，三是对自然的崇拜；而此三特征则为中国传统文化中“天、地、人”三元制衡与演化的不同结果。最后提出“回归本土”将是当下城乡规划应对城市发展危机的一条可选道路。%This paper reviews and summarizes the ideas of the ancient Chinese city planning. Urban planning ideas have been rooted in ancient Chinese culture. The core of the ancient city planning idea is to balance "Heaven, Earth and Human". The basic framework of the ancient city planning idea is "Heaven-oriented"," Earth-oriented" and "Human-oriented". Chinese urban planning ideas have three characteristics. The first is the "royality" as the center. The second is based on traditional Chinese culture. The third is the worship of nature. "Heaven", "Earth" and "Human" are the three main ideas of the ancient Chinese city planning. Finally, the paper argues that "localization" is the way to deal with the current crisis of the city.