二甲基亚砜/氯化锂溶解再生制备植物纤维纳米颗粒

摘要

Micro-nano particles of plant lignocelluloses were prepared and characterized in present study.The poplar wood were milled to be powders and then dissolved in DMSO/LiCl.The dissolved powders were regenerated to be stable suspensions in the water and dried to be micro-nano particles with spray drying under mild conditions.The factors affecting the preparation processes were investigated and optimized.The results showed that the dissolution ratio reached to maximum 55.6 ％ when the temperature was 70 ℃,the solid and liquid mass ratio was 3∶ 100,the mass ratio of LiCl in DMSO was 8 ％.The suspension particle size reached the minimum 85 nm when the rotational speed of the high speed dispersion machine was 2 000 r/min,the mass ratio of CMC-Na and wood was 1％.The raw materials and products were characterized by FT-IR,Malvern Zetasizer instrument,SEM,TEM and TG,respectively.It was revealed that micro-nano particles of the plant fiber made by this method possessed a higher specific surface area and they could be used as new fine chemical nano-materials.%以阔叶树杨木为原料,二甲基亚砜/氯化锂(DMSO/LiCl)为溶剂,水为再生液,在温和的条件下先溶解杨木木粉,然后在水中再生为悬浮液,经过一系列工序制备成植物纤维纳米颗粒.考察了溶解温度、木粉用量、LiCl在DMSO中的质量分数等因素对杨木粉溶解率的影响,同时考察了再生时转速、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)用量对悬浮液粒径的影响.实验表明当溶解温度为70℃,木粉与溶剂的质量比为3∶100,LiCl在DMSO中的质量分数为8％时杨木粉溶解率最大55.6％；再生转速为2000 r/min,CMC-Na对木粉的质量比为1∶100时再生悬浮液的粒径最小为85 nm.用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、马尔文粒径仪、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和热重(TG)等对原料和产物的相关性质进行了表征.实验结果表明,该方法制备的植物纤维纳米颗粒,有效地提高了植物纤维比表面积,将可以广泛应用于新型材料、精细化学品等中作为新型纳米材料.