超临界流体在生物质能源领域的研究进展

摘要

简述了利用超临界流体在临界点附近特殊物理化学性质,采用超临界流体(甲醇、乙醇、水等)以木柴、植物秸秆、玉米淀粉等为原料制备合成气、生物柴油、萃取液体燃料等生物质能源的最新进展.指出了反应机理,以及操作方式、操作步骤、操作温度、压力、使用的催化剂等条件对产物生成效果的影响.总结了超临界流体制备生物质能源在低能耗、操作简单、产率高、后期分离简单、可再生性和环境友好等方面的优点.%The supercritical fluid has special physicochemkal properties at critical point. The latest development of preparing biomass energy (such as synthesis gas, biodiesel, extracted liquid fuel, etc) by supercritical fluid (such as methanol, ethanol and water) with using wood, plant straw and corn starch as materials is summarized. The effects of reaction process, operation temperature and pressure, operation steps and catalysts are briefly introduced. The advantages of preparing biomass energy by supercritical fluid are presented, such as low energy consumption, simple operation, high yield, easy separation, renewable capability and environment friendly.