吸附法海水提铀材料研究进展

摘要

吸附法是海水提铀的最适宜方法之一,选择性好且吸附效率高的吸附材料是从海水中提取铀的最佳材料。本文回顾了到目前为止吸附法海水提铀的无机、有机、无机/有机杂化材料的制备方法、结构、吸附性能和铀吸附机理,介绍了不同海水提铀装置的结构和吸附性能。由于有机/无机杂化材料具有高机械强度、高铀吸附量、低共存离子干扰等优点,是一种理想的海水提铀材料;而且膜式吸附装置由于操作流程简单、可连续化等优点,是一种较佳的吸附方式。开展高铀吸附量、高选择性的吸附剂和处理量大的吸附方式是今后吸附法海水提铀的重要研究方向。%Adsorption is one of the most appropriate methods to extract uranium from sea-water.Materials with both good selectivity and high adsorption efficiency would be the best option for uranium extraction.In this review,the recent progress is summarized in terms of preparation process,structure,uranium adsorption properties and adsorption mechanism of those absorbents including organic,inorganic and organic/inorganic hybrid materials.In addition,the structure and adsorption performance of uranium extract set-up are also reviewed.Given the advantages of good strength,high adsorption capacity and low effects caused by coexisting ions,organic/inorganic hybrid material is a desired absorbent.Adsorption by membrane unit is a relative by better process because of its simple and continuous operation.The uranium extraction process with big process load,high uranium adsorption capacity and also high selectivity might be the major research topics in the future.