气相催化脱氟化氢制备含氟烯烃催化剂的研究进展

摘要

Fluorinated olefins are important fine chemicals. So the methods of preparation of fluorinated olefins have been widely studied in recent years. This paper introduces the method of gas-phase catalytic dehydrofluorination to prepare fluorinated olefin whose raw material is fluorinated alkane. The reaction mechanism related to gas-phase catalytic dehydrofluorination is discussed. The catalysts used in gas-phase catalytic dehydrofluorination method,including activated carbon-based catalyst,chromium-based catalyst and aluminum-based catalyst are reviewed. Activated carbon-based catalyst is easy to prepare and cheap,but difficult to regenerate. Chromium-based catalyst shows excellent performance,but its usage may cause environment problem. Aluminum-based catalyst is the focus of the study of this method at present,but how to maintain high activity and selectivity to delay deactivation is a problem to be resolved. Addition of appropriate additive is expected to be a solution.%含氟烯烃是一类重要精细化学品，最近几年其制备得到了广泛研究。本文主要介绍了以含氟烷烃为原料经气相催化脱氟化氢制备含氟烯烃的方法。简述了气相催化脱氟化氢法所涉及的反应机理。综述了此法采用的催化剂，主要包括活性炭基催化剂、铬基催化剂和铝基催化剂。活性炭基催化剂制备简单，成本低，但不易再生；铬基催化剂性能优异，但其使用存在引发环境问题的可能；目前铝基催化剂是此法研究的重点，但如何维持较高的活性和选择性，抑制催化剂失活是亟待解决的问题，通过添加合适的助剂有望解决这一问题。