近年来，随着消费电子商品、电动车和大规模储能市场的快速发展，作为目前占据最多市场份额的锂离子电池的产量也随之快速增长，随之产生的废旧锂离子电池的数量和重量呈现出了井喷式的上涨。从其巨大的数量、环境保护和资源再生的角度来看，废旧锂离子电池都具有很高的回收价值和潜力。本文主要从实验室研究和工业应用两个角度总结了目前主要的回收处理方法和流程，重点介绍了利用废旧锂离子电池电极材料重新再生和合成新的电极材料的研究进展。目前废旧锂离子电池回收处理存在的问题主要是：电极材料的复杂多样性导致分离提纯过程困难，回收过程易产生二次污染以及回收的经济激励不足。未来的发展趋势在于结合绿色环保和低成本经济，研究高效的回收处理工艺流程。%Currently,the fast-growing consumer electronics,electric vehicles and stationary energy storage,have spurred a surge demand for lithium-ion battery(LIB),which occupies the largest share of battery market. Accordingly,both the number and weight of spent LIBs have greatly increased. In view of their large quantities,and the environmental preservation and resourcesregeneration,the recycling of spent LIBs is highly desirable. In this review,we summarized the disposal and recycling processes developed in both laboratory industrial scales,especially for the research of re-synthesis of new electrode materials in the recycling process. The issues of existing recycling processes lie in the difficulties in separation and purification due to the complexity of the spent materials,secondary pollution problems and insufficient economic motivation. The research in the future should be focused on developing highly efficient,green and low-cost recycling processes.
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