产生于生物脱氮过程的N2O是一种强效的温室气体并会导致臭氧层破坏。本文综述了污水脱氮过程中N2O的产生机理及影响因素。羟胺氧化和AOB反硝化是硝化过程产生N2O两种主要路径，诸如溶解氧、氨氮和亚硝酸盐等因素主要通过影响微生物的活动或酶的活性而间接影响硝化过程中N2O的产生。反硝化过程是N2O的另一重要产生来源，其N2O生成量的多少与N2O酶有直接关系，而溶解氧、有机碳源和亚硝酸盐等因素会影响反硝化过程中N2O酶的活性。目前新型脱氮工艺也成为N2O的潜在来源，但其N2O产生机理还有待深入研究。尽管 N2O 释放与周围环境变化密切相关，但本质原因还是由于微生物的作用及酶活性受到影响所致。文章最后指出污水生物脱氮过程中N2O产量控制与减量化策略是今后研究的主要方向，并给出了几点建议。%Nitrous oxide(N2O)emitted during biological nitrogen removal process is a potent greenhouse gas and can result in the destruction of the ozone layer. This paper summarizes the mechanisms and influencing factors of N2O production during wastewater biological nitrogen removal process. Hydroxylamine oxidation and nitrifier denitrification are two main pathways to produce N2O for nitrification,and factors such as dissolved oxygen,ammonium nitrogen and nitrite mainly affect microbial activity or enzyme activity that influences indirectly N2O emission from nitrification process. Denitrification process is another important source for the production of N2O,and the quantity of N2O emission has a direct connection with nitrous oxide reductase,whose activities can be affected by factors such as dissolved oxygen,organic carbon,and nitrite. New biological nitrogen removal technologies have become potential sources of N2O,but further research on mechanisms of N2O production is needed. Although N2O emission is closely related to the changes of surrounding environment,the main cause for N2O emission is the effect of microbial actions and enzyme activities. The future research on the wastewater biological nitrogen removal process should focus on the control and reduction strategy of N2O,and shows some suggestions.
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