铝空气电池关键技术研究进展

摘要

金属空气电池也称金属燃料电池，是一种将金属的化学能直接转化为电能的装置。金属铝在地壳中储量丰富且具有较高的理论体积比能量，因此铝空气电池成为近年来关注的热点，然而金属铝在碱性电解液中的析氢问题一直是阻碍铝空气电池发展的主要因素。本文综述了铝空气电池关键技术的研究进展，包括铝合金阳极、铝腐蚀抑制剂、空气电极结构、电解质、催化剂等方面。使用含Sn、Ga、In等元素的铝合金阳极，将金属铝加工成超细晶材质，在电解质溶液中添加铝腐蚀抑制剂均可在一定程度上提高铝电极效率。铝空气电池已经在诸多领域实现应用，随着研究的继续深入，铝空气电池在能源行业将拥有广阔的应用前景。%The metal air battery,also known as metal fuel cell,converts chemical energy of metals directly into electricity. Due to the rich reserves of aluminum in the crust and the rather high theoretical volume specific energy,the aluminum air battery has become one hot spot in recent years. However, the hydrogen evolution of aluminum in alkaline electrolyte has been hindering the development of aluminum air battery. This paper reviews the research progressof the key technologies for aluminum air battery,including aluminum alloy anode,aluminum corrosion inhibitor,structure of cathode, electrolyte and catalyst and so on. The use of aluminum alloy anode containing Sn,Ga,In and other elements,the processing of ultrafine grained aluminum,and the addition of aluminum corrosion inhibitor into electrolyte solution can improve the efficiency of aluminum electrode in a certain extent. While aluminum air battery has been utilized in many areas,it will have broader application prospects in the energy industry with the in-depth study.