氟碳表面活性剂具有独特的优良性能,是特种表面活性剂中重要的种类之一,能够应用于传统表面活性剂无法胜任的场合.本文介绍了氟碳表面活性剂的类型及基本物理性质,简述了其良好的稳定性、高的表面活性及对传统表面活性剂的增效作用,分析了氟碳表面活性剂的结构特征,研究了其合成方法及合成路线,阐述了氟碳表面活性剂产品的应用范围及领域,探讨了其对环境的影响及应对措施,指出了氟碳表面活性剂未来的发展方向和趋势,认为生物累积性小、降解能力强、对人体健康及生态环境友好的短氟碳链表面活性剂将是未来研究的重点.同时,提出利用氟碳表面活性剂疏水疏油的特性将页岩储层表面由液湿性反转为气湿性的理论研究将会成为提高页岩气采收率的新思路和新方法.%Fluorocarbon surfactant is one of the most important special surfactants due to its unique excellent properties,which can be applied to the applications that the traditional surfactants does not meet the requirement. In this paper,the types and basic properties of fluorocarbon surfactants were introduced. Its good stability,high surface activity and synergetic effect to traditional surfactants were summarized. The structural characteristics of fluorocarbon surfactants were analyzed. The synthesis approaches were studied. The potential applications of fluorocarbon surfactant products and their effect on the environment were discussed. Short-fluorocarbon chain surfactants with small accumulation and good degradation ability,which are good for human health and ecological environment,should therefore be the focus of future research. At the same time,a new idea was proposed of using hydrophobic and oleophobic properties of fluorocarbon surfactants to convert the surface of shale reservoir from water/oil wet to gas wet,which will improve shale gas recovery.
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