New immune therapy targets tumor-associated environment:from bone marrow to tumor site

摘要

Tumor-associated antigens(TAAs)and immune cells coexist in the tumor microenvironment.However,spontaneously developed cancer cells have coevolved with immune cells,and have utilized inflammatory signals and immune suppressive mechanisms to support and promote tumor progression.Subverting immune suppressive mechanisms and induction of potent and lasting anti-tumor immunity is the goal of cancer vaccination and immunotherapy.Given that there are vast numbers of genetic changes associated with carcinogenesis,it would not be unexpected that tumor cells express considerable neoantigens,and many cancers are immunogeneic.1,2 Nonetheless,spontaneous tumor eradication is rare.Although many tissue-specific proteins or tumor neoproteins are used as vaccines or antigens to prime and expand TAA-specific T cells,our knowledge of tumor rejecting antigens remains limited.