There is an increasing trend for producing copper-containing steels,with copper being either a residual element from scraps or an intentional addition,i. e.,in weathering steel. The issue of surface hot shortness occurs during the hot working of steels containing copper,and a significant amount of work has been performed on this topic. This paper provides a reviewof related studies on this phenomenon. The formation mechanism,as analyzed,is the liquid metal embrittlement caused by the liquid copper penetration into austenite grain boundaries at the metal surface,where the copper originates from the selective oxidation of the steel at high temperature. On the basis of the mechanism,more importance is placed on analyzing the effect on the phenomenon by varying the controlling factors,including the heating process,alloying additions,and deformation conditions. Possible solutions to the problem are finalized,and some further work must be performed in the future.
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