电动汽车车身平顺性及车轮接地性分析与优化

摘要

以某分布式四轮驱动电动汽车为研究对象，在Adams/car中建立了整车模型，通过对前、后悬架参数进行灵敏度分析，探讨其对车身平顺性与车轮接地性的影响。基于α法建立评价车身平顺性与车轮接地性指标的多目标函数，对灵敏度较高的悬架参数进行优化设计。结果表明，优化后前、后悬架的刚度减小，前悬架的阻尼增大。与优化前相比，车身垂向加速度均方根值减小16%，左、右前轮动载荷的均方根值均减小11%。%With a distributed 4WD electric vehicle as research object, a vehicle model is constructed in Adams/car environment. Sensitivity analysis is made to the front and rear suspension parameters, its effect on ride comfort and wheel ground adhesion is investigated. Multi-objective function to evaluate body ride comfort and wheel ground adhesion is established based on α method and suspension parameters with high sensitivity are optimized. The results indicate that stiffness of the optimized front and rear suspension descends, whereas damping of the front suspension ascends. Compared with the suspension before optimization, the root-mean-square value of body vertical acceleration is reduced by 16%, and that of the front wheels on both sides is reduced by 11%.