安全完整性等级分析方法的应用研究

摘要

The IEC 61508 and IEC 61511 standards has been applied for determining safety integrity level (SIL) in the design of offshore oil & gas installations.There are a number of analysis methods of SIL in IEC standards.Two main methods are discussed in detail here: risk graph and layer of protection analysis (LOPA).Risk graph is simple and widely used but is known to be both conservative and subjective.LOPA is more rigorous and requires a significant effort in time.Although the two methods are enabling to determine the safety integrity level also has some shortages.Taking a project being carried out as an example, the two methods are compared for highlighting some of the pitfalls.Furthermore, guidelines for using the advantages of both methods are proposed.Recommendations about SIL have been proposed based on the specified safety requirements for domestic offshore oil & gas projects.%在海上油气生产装置设计中,完善应用IEC61508和IEC61511标准,确定安全完整性等级的方法.在IEC标准中提供了诸多安全完整性等级的分析方法,着重讨论了其中的两种:风险图法和保护层分析法.风险图法简单易用,应用广泛,但结果过于主观和保守;保护层分析法严格、精确,但评估资源需求量大,过程比较耗时.两种方法虽可确定安全完整性等级,但应用在海洋石油工程项目的设计中均存不足之处.以工程项目为实例,比较了这两种分析方法的优劣,并结合两者的优势提供了安全完整性等级分析方法的应用策略.最后,根据国内海洋石油工程项目的特定安全需求,提出了安全完整性等级分析方法的应用建议.