三峡电力市场及未来国家电力市场的层次结构之探讨

摘要

The Three Gorges Power Market (TGPM) will be the first cross-region power market in China. A vital problem is how to design an appropriate bulk power market structure. Based on international experiences on power market designs and the current situations of China's power industry, the hierarchical structure for China's power markets is first discussed. There are basically three alternatives, i.e., the state-province (or city) two-layer structure, the state-region two-layer structure and the state-region-province (or city) three-layer structure. It is suggested that the state-region-province (or city) three-layer structure be adopted at the initial stage of the restructuring. While this stage，the regional power markets should be reinforced progressively and the final structure should be the state-region two-layer model. Based on this proposal, the structure and market participants of TGPM are next suggested.%中国电力工业正面临着重大的市场化改革，跨大区的三峡电力市场建设势在必行。由于三峡电力市场的跨大区性质，及考虑到未来中国电力市场的建设，电力市场的层次结构是一个十分重要、值得探讨的问题。文中首先提出了三峡电力市场的设计原则，进而借鉴国际电力市场设计和运行的经验教训，依据中国电力工业的现状和可能的发展趋势，分析了未来中国电力市场架构的3种可能性：一是国家和省市两级电力市场；二是国家和大区两级电力市场；三是国家、大区和省市三级电力市场。建议在逐步建立国家电力市场并在相当长的一段时间内采用国家—大区—省市三级电力市场的同时，应发展和加强大区的电力市场，最终过渡到国家—大区两级电力市场。在此基础上，进一步讨论了三峡电力市场的结构和市场参与者。