电动汽车电池组智能管理及其无线传感器网络路由协议

摘要

针对电动汽车智能充换电业务中动力电池组在仓储、配送和充电等环节的信息采集和管理需求，提出了基于无线传感器网络(WSN)和射频识别(RFID)的智能电池组技术，设计了充换电业务的物联网3层架构模型。提出了含智能感知模块的智能电池组管理系统(BMS)结构设计，介绍了充换电站智能电池组全景数据采集实施方法。针对充换电站中仓储及充电位置固定的特点，重点提出了适用于智能电池组的 WSN 核心路由算法：一种基于虚拟网格的分簇多跳路由协议，从拓扑控制和路由算法两方面给出了协议的框架以及网络分簇、簇头选取、路由维护和数据传输的机制。利用 OMNet++仿真工具对协议进行了仿真，证明了所述路由算法能够有效延长智能电池组WSN 的生命周期。%First,to meet the information acquirement and management demand of battery tank in the storage,transport and charging processes of electric vehicle charging facilities,the smart battery tank technology based on wireless sensor network (WSN) and radio frequency identification (RFID) is proposed.A three-level internet of things structure of charging and swapping service is built.Then,a battery management system(BMS)of smart battery tank with sensor modules is designed. The panoramic data acquisition of the electric vehicle charging station is described.The system key technology of the clustered-multi-hop routing protocol with virtual grids is proposed.The network formation,cluster-head selection,route maintaining and data transmission processes are detailed with respect to route control and routing algorithm.The protocol simulation with OMNet++ shows that the proposed algorithm is able to effectively prolong the life cycle of WSN of the smart battery tank.