高温氧化挥发法--一种先进乏燃料后处理的首端工艺技术

摘要

High temperature vol‐oxidation treatment technology is a dry head‐end process used for decladding ,oxidation of spent fuel ,and the removal of 3 H ,85 Kr/Xe , 14C ,129I and Cs from fuel prior to main spent fuel treatment process which would remove most of the volatile nuclides before fuel dissolution and cause rapid fuel dissolu‐tion in HNO3 .If effective ,this process would be an effective way for sharp reduction in the volume of liquid radioactive waste and localization fission nuclides (such as tritium and iodine) manage by vol‐oxidation in the head‐end process .In this paper ,the key influence factors (such as temperature ,oxidizing atmosphere and so on ) and applica‐tions characteristics in the head‐end process for reprocessing of spent fuel by vol‐oxidation treatment are expounded synthetically .%高温氧化挥发处理技术是乏燃料后处理的干法首端过程，其目的是在乏燃料后处理分离工艺前实现包壳与燃料芯块分离，燃料氧化和裂变产物3 H、85 Kr／Xe、14 C、129 I、Cs的去除。此过程既有利于乏燃料元件的溶解，又有利于在乏燃料元件进入溶解工艺之前实现氚碘等裂变元素去除，是实现整个乏燃料后处理流程过程废液最小化和氚碘等裂变产物集中管理的最有效方法之一。本文针对氧化挥发技术在乏燃料后处理首端中的应用特点以及氧化温度、气氛等关键影响因素进行了综合分析和阐述。