空间反应堆布雷顿循环热力学优化分析

摘要

Closed-Brayton-cycle system is a feasible choice for future space power reactor as the power conversion system because of its high efficiency and high power density.In order to ensure the economic benefit,most of the land-use Brayton-cycle systems for high temperature gas-cooled reactor take the efficiency optimization.However,there is a volume/mass limit for the space use.So another optimization method,specific power optimization was presented.In this paper,a detailed comparison was made by Fortran language to research which optimization method could be the more possible choice for future space use.This paper will be helpful to understand and design the small space power reactor.The results show that specific power optimization has advantages in decreasing system's weight and volume,but would increase design difficulty.The final design description may probably be proposed between the two methods according to the project's demand.%闭式布雷顿循环具有高效率与高能量密度,适用于空间核反应堆的能量转换系统.出于经济性的考虑,地面大型高温气冷堆的布雷顿循环能量转换系统均采用效率最高的运行模式;而在空间反应堆能源中,系统受到体积、质量与特殊运行环境的限制,故提出另一种优化模式——循环比功最高优化.本文就空间反应堆闭式布雷顿循环进行优化分析,利用Fortran语言对两种优化模式进行热力学分析对比,为空间反应堆的设计计算提供参考和基础.结果表明:新提出的循环比功优化在降低空间布雷顿循环方面较有优势,但会造成叶轮机械设计难度的增加.最终设计方案的选取可根据工程要求在两种优化模式中进行折中选择.