Objective:To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with drug resistant tuberculosis(TB) in South West Nigeria.Methods: A retrospective study conducted among pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients from Oyo and Osun States in South West Nigeria who had their culture and drug susceptibility test performed at the institute of tropical medicine Antwerp, Belgium between2007 and2009. Data on the patient’s characteristics were retrieved from the TB treatment card. Univariate analysis was performed to assess the risk factors for drug resistant tuberculosis. The Level of significance was atP<0.05.Results:Among the88 patients who had drug-susceptibility test result, there were50 males and38 females. Of the88patients,55 (62.5%) had strains resistant to at least one or more anti-drugs. The proportion ofTBcases with resistance to a single drug was12.7%. The multi-drug resistantTB (MDR-TB) rate was76.4%. The only significant factor for the development of drug resistance andMDR was the history of previous anti TB treatment (P<0.01). Other factors such as age[OR 0.86 (0.35-2.13);P=0.72] and gender[OR 1.24 (0.49-3.14);P=0.62] were not significantly associated with drug resistanceTB.Conclusions: The study highlighted a high prevalence ofMDR-TBamong the study population. History of previous TB treatment was associated withMDR-TB. There is an urgent need to conduct a nationalTB drug resistance survey to determine the actual burden and risk factors associated with drug resistance TB in the country.
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