Preliminary study on antifertility activity ofEnicostemma axillare leaves andUrena lobata root used in Indian traditional folk medicine

摘要

Objective:To evaluate the possible antifertility activity ofEnicostemma axillare(E. axillare) leaves andUrena lobata(U. lobata) root in adult maleWistar albino rats.Methods:Six groups of rats were treated with ethanolic(70%v/v) extracts ofE. axillare(375 and750 mg/kg body weight) andU. lobata root(300 and600 mg/kg body weight) once daily for55 days.Control groups received the distilled water and vehicle.All the treated rats had corresponding recovery groups.At the end of each treatment periods, animals were killed and organ weights, sperm characteristics, testicular and epididymal biochemicals as well as testicular enzymes were assessed.Results:TheE. axillare andU. lobata at tested doses did not decrease body weight, whereas the weight of testes, epididymides and seminal vesicles were significantly(P<0.01) reduced.Significantly(P<0.01) more reductions in the sperm motility, viability and counts, epididymal and testicular protein contents were noted in the rats treated with higher dose of both the plants.Both the plants at the higher dose caused a marked increase(P<0.01) in sperm morphological abnormalities, testicular cholesterol and ascorbic acid contents were remarkably increased(P<0.01), while, the activities of testicular glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-6-PDH) and∆5-3β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase(∆5-3β-HSD) were significantly reduced(P<0.01).However, reversal of these changes occurred after55 days of treatment withdrawal.Conclusions:This study suggests that the E. axillare leaves andU. lobata root reversibly inhibited spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis indicating reversible antifertility activity which could partially support the traditional of these plantsas male contraceptives.