High linear energy transfer(LET)carbon ions have attracted attention as alternatives to conventional radiation for radiotherapy,particularly for tumors that are radiation-resistant under hypoxic conditions,owing to their superior physical characteristics and high lethality for tumor cells compared to low-LET radiation such as X-rays and gamma rays[1].Glioblastoma(GBM),the most frequent and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor,originates in the glial cells.Gioma can be divided into grade I to grade IV according to the classification of theWorld Health Organization.Herein,Grade IV glioblastoma in adults and grade IV medulloblastoma which occurs in children,have a dismal prognosis.Because of the characteristics of the invasive growth of glioma,it has no obvious boundaries with normal brain tissue and is difficult to be removed completely and easy to relapse owing to resistance of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
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