Heavy-ion beams, as a type of high linear energy transfer (LET) irradiation, possess the higher relative biological effect (RBE) compared to X- and -rays[1??3],which own high mutation frequency and a wide mutation spectrum, and have been used effectively as a breeding method in plants and microbes[4??6]. In this study, we reported that heavy-ion beams can be an effective tool to change the physiological characristics in A.niger.
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