基于玉米分期播种试验热量指标分析

摘要

In order to explore the agricultural meteorology problems in Maize production,ensure food security and reasonable arrangements for the production of agricultural production,through the test of corn sowing by stages from 2011 to 2014,using the least squares method and climate diagnosis analysis,the effects of thermal conditions on corn emergence rate,emergence to heading,tasselling to mature and growing influence development rate and yield were analyzed. The results showed that:when water met the basic conditions,the influence of the heat conditions on corn growth and yield was significant. When the temperature rised,accumulated temperature increasesd,the growth rate speed up from sowing to seedling,the growth rate slowed down from seedling to tasseling.The best sowing in Chaoyang district was from April 20th to April 30th,and≥10℃accumulated temperature changed by 100℃·d,corn yield per hectare increased or decreased by 455kg. Under the background of climate warming,increase the propor⁃tion of thermophilic crops,and introduce the corn varieties with longer growth period to increase yields. The results can provide the basis for the adjustment of agricultural structure and corn planting regions.%为了探讨辽宁西部朝阳地区玉米生产中存在的农业气象问题，保障粮食生产安全合理安排农业生产，通过2011-2014年玉米分期播种试验，运用最小二乘法和气候诊断分析方法，分析热量条件变化对玉米出苗速度、出苗至抽雄、抽雄至成熟以及生长期、全生育期发育速度和产量的影响。结果表明：在水分基本满足的条件下，热量条件对玉米生长发育和产量影响显著。当气温升高、积温增加时，玉米播种至出苗期生长速度加快，出苗至抽雄期、抽雄至成熟期则生长速度减慢。朝阳地区最佳播种期在4月20~30日，而≥10℃积温每变化100℃·d，玉米产量增产或减产约455kg/hm2。因此，在气候变暖的背景下，应增加喜温作物比例，适当引入较长生育期的玉米品种，以提高单产。研究成果可为农业结构调整、玉米种植区划提供依据。