球毛壳ND35对植物生长的影响及其生防效果

摘要

[Objective] The aim was to study effect of Chaetomium globosum ND35 on plant growth and preliminary study of its biocontrol efficacy, and provide basis for popularization and application of this strain. [Method] With endophytic fungus C.globosum ND35 as a tested strain, effect of C.globosum ND35 on plant growth and its biocontrol on five plant diseases were investigated in the greenhouse and field. [Result] The results showed that ND35 promoted growth of lateral root and diameter of breast height of poplar. ND35 can induce poplar to resist Poplar Valsa Canker caused by Valsa sordida and Poplar Rust caused by Melampsora puplicola. ND35 was also able to induce tomato and bean to resist Botrytis cinera. Biocontrol of Bean Stem Rot Rhizoctonia by ND35 was effective as well. [Conclusion] Induced systemic resistance by endophytic C.globosum ND35 plays an important role in biocontrol of plant diseases.%[目的]研究球毛壳ND35对植物生长的影响及其生防效果,为该菌的推广应用提供依据.[方法]以植物内生真菌球毛壳ND35为供试菌株,病原菌有杨树腐烂病菌、立枯丝核菌、番茄灰霉菌.(a)调查球毛壳ND35对植物生长的影响.在扦插杨树枝条时,设2个处理:①接种10 g长有球毛壳ND35的麦粒培养基;②接种10 g无球毛壳ND35的麦粒培养基为对照.出芽后,测量杨树高度、1.3 m处的胸径,同时调查侧根(d≥8 mm)数量.(b)大田试验测定球毛壳ND35对杨树腐烂病的拮抗作用.采用烫伤接种的方法,在主干距地面高50 cm和100 cm(约树干的1/3和2/3)处先用火烫伤树皮,再接种含病原菌菌丝体的PDA菌饼.在随后的1个多月统计发病情况,以29 d后发病的为0级,26～28 d发病的为1级,23～25 d发病的为2级,20～22 d发病的为3级,19 d之内发病的为4级.分级计数,计算发病率、病情指数和拮抗效果.(c)大田试验调查球毛壳ND35对杨树叶锈病的拮抗作用.在杨树1.3、1.7、2.1 m处分别调查2个处理组杨树叶片正面(冬孢子堆)及背面(夏孢子堆)的发病情况,在发病杨树上,根据同一高度叶正面和叶背面的病斑面积占叶片总面积的比例确定分级标准:没有发病为0级、0～20%为1级、20%～40%为2级、40%～60%为3级、＞60%为4级.计算发病率、病情指数和拮抗效果.(d)温室试验测定球毛壳ND35对灰霉病的诱导抗病作用.将菜豆、番茄分别分为2个处理:①接种拮抗菌ND35;②不接种ND35.分别测量病斑长短直径,计算病斑面积.(e)温室测定ND35对菜豆立枯病的防治效果.处理组:播种时接种内生菌球毛壳ND35,同时接种立枯丝核菌;对照组:播种时只接种立枯丝核菌.在接种10 d后观察发病情况,根据病斑直径占茎基周长的比例确定分级标准:没有发病的植株为0级,＜25%为1级、25%～50%为2级、50%～75%为3级、＞75%为4级.计算病情指数和防治效果.[结果]球毛壳ND35在植物体内定殖后能促进杨树根系和胸径的生长,使植株粗壮,有利于提高植物的抗病性;接种球毛壳ND35能诱导杨树对腐烂病菌和叶锈病菌产生较好的拮抗效果;也能够诱导番茄和菜豆对灰霉病菌产生抗病性,诱导抗性效果分别达58.85%和35.65%;还可有效防治菜豆立枯病,防治效果达50.9%.[结论]内生真菌球毛壳ND35引起的诱导系统抗病性在植物病害的生物防治中有重要作用.