桔梗群体内蒴果形态变异类型的探讨

摘要

[Objective] The aim was to study variance type of capsule morphological characters in Platycodon grandiflorum population, and provide some theoretical basis for seeking to genetic markers which can differentiate different P.grandiflorum and breeding new varieties. [Method] According to shape morphological characters of capsule from the same population of perennial purple P.gandiflorum, seven types of distinct diversity capsule were selected, variance analysis and multiple comparison on the length, diameter, length/diameter of the different types of capsule were carried out. [Result] There is unicolor and bicolor, even trichrome, among main color was brown and purple. Capsule shape was main cone, furthermore, containing long roller type, spheroidicity and sphericity. [Conclusion] P.gandiflorum capsule was divided into long form, short form and middle type from length/diameter size in perennial culture P.gandiflorum population.%[目的] 对多年生桔梗栽培群体的蒴果类型进行初步分类研究,为探求区分不同桔梗的遗传标记和桔梗新品种选育提供理论基础.[方法] 通过对同一多年生紫花桔梗群体内大量蒴果的外观形态特征进行观察研究,选出7个具有明显特征的蒴果类型,并对各种类型蒴果的长度、直径、果长/果径等性状进行方差分析和多重比较.[结果] 在多年生栽培桔梗群体中蒴果颜色主要以褐色和紫色为主,既有单色,也有双色,甚至有三色.单色的有类型1为深褐色,类型4为深紫色;双色的有类型2为褐中带紫、类型3为紫绿各半、类型6为浅绿带紫、类型7为上紫下绿.蒴果形状以锥形为多,即类型2～类型5,但每种类型各有其特点,其中,类型2细长、类型3宽大、类型4短小;除此之外,还有长筒形(类型1),扁球形(类型6),圆球形(类型7).7种类型蒴果果长、果直径和果长/果径值等方面有很大差异,果长的变幅在1.148～1.568 cm,方差分析结果的F值为16.157;果直径的变幅在0.888～1.340 cm,其F值为19.860;果长/果径的变幅在0.865～1.767,其F值为117.680.3种性状的F值均达到了极显著水平.[结论] 按照果长/果径值的大小,该多年生栽培桔梗群体中桔梗蒴果大体上可分为3类,即长型、短型和中间类型.